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Beat the Heat - Hot Weather Tips For Seniors
By Connie Hinds, R.N.
Seniors have difficulty acclimating to high temperatures and humidity due to the impact that age, medical conditions, and prescription medications have on the way their bodies respond to heat. Even temperatures in the low 90s can be very dangerous for older adults. The following tips may help reduce the effects of heat on seniors.
Protect the skin from the sun as photosensitivity is a side effect of many medications by applying sunscreen with an SPF 30 or greater, avoiding direct exposure, and wearing light weight, light colored loose fit clothing with a hat or visor. Avoid caffeine and alcohol and drink 32 ounces of cool water (consult your physician if you are on fluid restrictions). Use the color of your urine to determine if you are getting enough fluids -- clear light colored urine indicates that enough water is being consumed while dark, amber urine indicates more water is needed. Maintain a slower pace and cool off with showers.
Dehydration occurs easily and thirst is not a reliable indicator. Common symptoms are impaired coordination, weakness, fatigue, confusion, muscle cramps, and headaches. Drink fluids and call 911 if symptoms do not resolve.
Heat exhaustion is caused by dehydration. Common symptoms are heavy or no sweating, cold/clammy skin, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, lack of appetite and fainting. Move to a cool, shady place, and drink fluids. Call 911 as most seniors will need to have IVs to replace fluids.
Heat stroke is more common during a long summer heat wave with hot, humid weather. Heat stroke involves a very high body temperature and loss of consciousness may be the first sign. Common symptoms are: headache, red/hot/dry skin, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, and weakness. Cool the body with wet compresses. Heat stroke is a medical emergency. Call 911 immediately.
During the summer months, sustained exposure to high temperatures puts the elderly at risk. Prompt attention from caregivers and family members can help to avoid dehydration and reduce the risk of heat related illness.
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